Aircraft Pallet
一种标准尺寸的平台，用于装配货物，在作为一个整体装载到飞机上之前，用网和带子固定. Palletizing results in an efficient use of space and improved cargo handling.
Air Freight
A service that provides for the air transportation of goods. This mode of transportation allows for decreased shipping time, low damage ratios and for certain commodities, lower shipping costs.
Air Freight Forwarder
An Air Freight forwarder provides pickup and delivery service to and from the shippers dock. Responsibilities also include consolidating shipments from various shippers into larger units, preparing shipping documentation and tendering freight to the airlines. Forwarders do not generally operate their own aircraft and may be classified as an “indirect air carrier”.
Air Waybill
A document issued by a carrier to a shipper that supplies written evidence regarding the receipt of goods, 运输方式和在指定目的地将货物交付给提单的合法持有人的安排. A standard air waybill accommodates both domestic and international traffic.
All-Cargo Aircraft
An aircraft used for the sole purpose of transporting cargo only, rather than the combination of passengers and cargo. Freight is loaded in the bulk or container on the main or lower deck of the aircraft.
All-Risk Insurance
The broadest form of coverage available, providing protection against all risk of physical loss or damage from any external cause, such as fire collision, pilferage, etc. Does not cover loss or damage due to delay, acts of war, labor strikes, per-shipment conditions, inadequate packaging, or loss of market. All risk insurance of air shipments generally excludes loss due to cold or changes in atmospheric pressure.
Aviation and Transportation Security Act (ATSA)
A bill passed November 2001, to improve aviation security in all modes of transportation.
Bill of Lading
A document issued by a carrier to a shipper, signed by the captain, agent, or owner of a vessel, furnishing written evidence regarding receipt of freight, 运输的条件和货物在规定的目的港交付给提单的合法持有人的日期.
Billed Weight
The designated weight shown on an invoice and/or waybill used to calculate freight charges.
Bonded Terminal
An airline terminal that is approved by the U.S. Treasury Department for storage of goods until Customs duties are paid or the goods have been released.
Breakbulk
Unpacking or disassembling a portion or all contents of a consolidated shipment for reconsignment or delivery.
Broker
An individual or firm that acts as an agent for others, often between a buyer and a seller, in return for a fee or commission.
Bulk Cargo
Cargo stowed loosely in the hold of a ship and is not enclosed in a shipper container or box. Examples include oil, ore, grain or coal.
Cargo
The goods or merchandise transported by airplane, ship or vehicle.
Cargo Manifest
A list of cargo being transported or warehoused, without listing the applicable charges.
Carrier
Any individual or firm who, through a contract of carriage, undertakes to perform or procure the performance of carriage by rail, road, sea, air, inland waterway, or by a combination of modes.
Cartage Agent
在空运或海运承运人不直接服务的地点提供货物提取和交付的地面运输服务.
Certificate of Origin
A document containing an affidavit to prove the origin of imported goods. It is often required by the custom as part of the entry process. 原产地证书通常由原产国的官方组织，如领事馆或商会认证.
Chargeable Weight
The weight or volume of a shipment used in determining air, vehicle or ocean charges. The chargeable weight could be the dimensional weight or on container shipments, the gross weight of the shipment minus the containers tare weight.
Charter Service
为运送货物或旅客而在有需要时安排的临时运输服务.
Classification
A systematic categorization of cargo for the purpose of applying class rates, combined with governing rules and regulations for transportation. In customs, 该分类决定进口商品在美国协调关税表内的关税地位。. 分类是由进口商、报关行或指定的个人负责准备进口文件.
Clearance
完成海关入境规定，从而将货物从海关当局放行给进口商.
Commercial Invoice
A required document identifying the transaction between a seller and buyer. The form should have the invoice number, date, shipping date, the mode of transport, delivery and payment terms, description of goods and the quantity. 政府使用商业发票来确定货物的真实价值，以评估关税和准备文件.
Custom requires a commercial invoice that includes the following information. (1) The port of entry. (2) Name of shipper and receiver. (3) Description of items. (4) Quantity in weight and measures. (5) Country of origin. The invoice and any attachments must be in the English language.
Consignee
The person or company named on the freight contract to whom goods have been consigned or turned over.
Consolidation
将若干单独的货物组装成一件货物，在运单上从一个地点移动到另一个地点. Consolidation of cargo can result in reduced shipping rates.
Container
A reusable, rigid exterior shipping box that is used to ship goods by ship, truck or rail. Air Freight containers ULD or unit lead devices) are available in a variety of shapes and sizes.
Container Yard (CY)
一种存放整箱货物和空集装箱的设施，这些集装箱由承运人或其代表从发货人或收货人那里接收或交付. It also provides a location to receive merchandise from consignors for packing into containers.
Cubic Foot
The unit of volume measurement that is equaled to 1,728 cubic inches.
Customs
海关：指定的政府机构，负责管理货物进出一个国家的流动，并收取一个国家对进出口征收的关税.
Customs Clearance
海关通过指定手续（如出示进口许可证）放行货物的程序, 根据货物性质支付进口关税和其他所需文件，如FCC或FDA批准.
Customs Duty
A tax levied and government collection by custom officials of duties that is imposed by law on imports.
Dangerous Goods
Articles or substances capable of posing a significant risk to health, safety, or property when transported by air and that require special attention when being transported.
Deferred Air Freight
Air Freight shipments that are not time sensitive and can be delivered at a lower cost on later flights. Delivery service is as a rule, between three to five business days.
Demurrage
A penalty for exceeding free time allowed for loading or unloading at a pier or freight terminal.
Density
The weight per cubic foot that is determined by multiplying the length, width and height of a container and dividing the total by 1728.
Dimensional Weight
A calculated weight based on a minimum density requirement. Density is the weight per cubic foot of a shipment of cargo. It is computed by dividing the shipment volume by the minimum density requirement. 尺寸重量规则的制定是为了确保对低密度货物的公平补偿，在这种情况下，运输费用是基于立方尺寸重量而不是实际重量.
Durable Goods
Product that is not consumed through use, such as automobiles, furniture, computers and machinery.
Duty
A tax levied by a government on merchandise imported, exported from another country. Duties are based on the value of goods, while other factors include weight on quantity or combination of value and other factors (compound duties).
Entry
A documentation of the kinds, quantities and values of goods imported together with duties due and declared before a customs officer. It is required to secure the release from customs custody.
ETA
Acronym for Estimated Time of Arrival of a carrier.
Export
To transport goods away from a country for sale to another country.
FAK
Refers to Freight All Kinds. Consolidated cargo that is shipped at one rate. FAK cargo is usually shipped in a container filled with a variety of merchandise or commodities.
Federal Aviation Administration (FAA)
美国联邦航空局成立于1958年，其职责是公布美国所有航空类别的操作标准和程序. The FAA monitors any/all dangerous goods (HAZMAT) for air cargo transportation.
Federal Communications Commission (FCC)
A federal agency responsible with regulating interstate and international communications by television, radio, telephone, telegraph, as well as broadcasting standards and cable television operations. Customs clearance may rely on FCC approval regarding the nature of the cargo.
Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
The United States agency responsible for regulation of biotechnology food products. Customs clearance may rely on FCC approval regarding the nature of the cargo.
Foreign Trade Zone (FTZ)
在入境口岸内或附近由政府指定供非禁运物品免税入境的特别限制进入的工商业区域. Foreign and domestic merchandise, including raw materials, components, and finished goods may be stored, displayed, and used for manufacturing within the zone and re-exported without duties being paid. 只有当原始货物或由这些货物制成的物品从该区域进入受海关管辖的国家的一个地区时，才征收关税.
Freight Forwarder
An independent business that dispatches shipments for exporters for a fee. Transportation can include shipping by land, air, or sea, or other resources. Usually it handles all the services connected with an export shipment, including full preparation of documents arranging for shipping, warehousing, delivery and export clearance.
Full Container Load (FCL)
A delivery of cargo that fills a given container either by bulk or maximum weight.
Full Truck Load (FTL)
A shipment of cargo that fills a given tractor trailer either by bulk or maximum weight.
Goods
Merchandise, supplies, raw materials, commodities and finished product. All things are treated as moveable and indicated as sold to a particular buyer.
Gross Weight
The full weight of a shipment, including containers and packaging materials.
Harmonize Tariff Schedule of the United States (HTS or HTSUS)
有组织的货物清单及其税率，用以对进口产品进行分类和确定应征收的关税税率. 关税表分为多个部分和章节，分别处理范围广泛的产品类别中的商品. The U.S. International Trade Commission is responsible for publishing the information.
Igloo
A container designed to the dimensions of the full main deck width of carrying aircraft.
Importer
在贸易过程中把货物从国外运入关税地区的个别公司或法律实体.
Imports
To bring in commodities from a foreign country that have been processed or assembled in other countries.
In-Bond
内陆港口的一项海关计划，规定到达海港的货物在海关保税下被运送到更便利的内陆港口，并在那里存档了入境文件. Customs clears the shipment there and the cargo is trucked to its destination, which normally is close to the inland port.
Indirect Air Carrier (IAC)
An organization or entity, within the United States, not in possession of an FAA air carrier operating certificate, 那就开始间接地从事财产的航空运输，并将这种运输的任何部分用于客运航空承运人的服务.
Inland Port
在远离传统边界的地方，可以进行国际贸易和提供增值服务.
Interline Shipping
The movement of a single shipment via two or more carriers.
International Air Transport Association (IATA)
一个由航空公司组成的贸易组织，为乘客和货主提供尽可能高的标准.
Less Than Container Load (LCL)
Freight is combined with other freight from other shippers. A container can be loaded with LCL cargo at a container freight station for LCL delivery.
Less Than Truckload (LTL)
Freight from several shippers loaded onto an individual trailer. The shipment is based upon a separate rate than truckload rate. LTL is in contrast to TL, which is only one shipment from one shipper that is loaded on a tractor-trailer.
Lower Deck
Compartments on the lower, or lowest cargo holding area of an aircraft. This is located below where the passengers sit.
Master Air Waybill (MAWB)
The air waybill of lading that provides data on a consolidated shipment of goods. The consolidator is shown as the shipper.
Net Weight
The total weight of a shipment less the weight of pallets, containers or straps.
Non-vessel Operating Common Carrier (NVOCC)
A carrier who issues bills of lading for carriage of goods on vessels that are not owned or operated by them.
Overnight
Expedited service on a transaction where service is required on the next business day. Delivery service is as a rule, delivery on the next business day.
Packing List
A document prepared by the shipper that lists the kinds and quantities of merchandise in a particular shipment. A copy is generally sent to the consignee to aid in checking the shipment when received.
Pallet
A portable platform for storing or transporting freight.
Proof Of Delivery (POD)
A receipt with the signature of the recipient.
Port
A harbor where ships may anchor and unload or receive cargo.
Priority Air Freight
Reserved Air Freight or air express service where shipments have a priority after mail and small packages. The shipper pays a premium charge for this service.
Roll-on/Roll-Off (Ro/Ro)
A ship that is specifically designed to carry wheeled and tracked vehicles as all or most of its cargo. Some vessels can accommodate containers and cargo that is wheeled, tracked, self-propelled or towed vehicles and equipment. A series of external and internal ramps facilitate the loading and discharge of RO/RO cargo.
Second Day Air Freight
Air Freight shipments that are not overnight or time sensitive and can be delivered at a economic cost. Delivery service is as a rule, delivery on the second business days.
Shipment
Except as otherwise provided, the transportation of goods from one location to another, by one shipper, on one bill of lading, from one delivery location, for one consignee to one delivery.
Shipper
The company or person who tenders goods to a carrier for transportation.
Shipper’s Letter of Instruction
托运人使用的一种表格，授权承运人代表托运人签发航空运单或提单. 它包含装运的所有细节，并授权承运人代表托运人的特定指示运输货物.
Storage
Holding a shipment in a carrier’s warehouse, pending further transportation. Additional charges may be applicable.
Tare Weight
The weight of packing and containers without the goods to be shipped.
Tariff
A general term for any listing of rates or charges for the movement of goods.
Terminal Handling Charge (THC)
Fees charged by ocean containers to move containers between terminals and ships (onloading and unloading), inspecting at terminal facilities, paid by shippers (manufacturers, importers and exporters).
Transit
A journey from one location to another.
Transportation Security Administration (TSA)
On November 19, 2001年，国会颁布了《十大赌博靠谱信誉平台》（ATSA），成立了运输安全管理局. The ATSA transferred all FAA rules governing civil aviation security, including IAC’s to the TSA. The TSA deals with all modes of transportation: air, highway, rail, & sea.
Truck Load (TL)
A shipment of freight that is loaded to a trailers maximum capacity either by bulk or maximum weight.
Ultimate Consignee
The individual who is the one receiving goods for the designated end use. A customs broker cannot be listed as the ultimate consignee unless they own the merchandise or there is not U.S. buyer and the document shows the brokers premises as the location to which the merchandise is to be delivered.
Unit Load Device (ULD)
Any type of container or pallets used to consolidate packages of freight for mechanical handling.
Upper Deck
The higher or highest deck on a ship or airplane.
Value-Added Tax (VAT)
A fee levied on all goods and services as goods and services go through the production chain, from the raw material to final consumption. 被征税的金额是生产链中特定步骤增加到商品或服务价值中的价值. 运量率-运费率评估与特定数量的货运基于它将在一段时间内增加的假设.